Thailand inzvimbo yakakosha yekugadzira mota pasirese, iyo inoratidzwa mukuti kugadzirwa kwemotokari kwepagore kweThailand kwakakwira semotokari dzinosvika miriyoni 1.9, yepamusoro-soro muASEAN; zvinotonyanya kukosha, muna 2022, huwandu hwese hwekutengesa kunze kweThailand mota zvikamu indasitiri yakasvika 1.31 tiririyoni baht, kuwedzera kwe8.2%, inoverengera ingangoita 12.3% yeGDP; kukosha kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika kwezvikamu ndiko kwepamusoro-soro muASEAN uye iri pachinzvimbo chechi14 munyika, uye kukosha kwekutengesa kunze kwematairi emotokari kwasvika panzvimbo yechipiri pasi rose. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti indasitiri yekugadzira zvikamu zvemotokari yakasimudzira Thailand kuita hwaro hwemazuva ano hwekugadzira indasitiri yemotokari.

basic situation

Kubva 1963, hurumende yeThai yanga ichisimudzira kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yezvikamu zvemotokari. Pakutanga, madhipatimendi ehurumende yeThai aitarisa kuunza matanho ekutsigira mari mukugadzira uye kushandiswa kwezvikamu zvemotokari dzemumba, kunyanya kuwedzera kwemitero yekunze pamotokari dzakakwana (Yakavakwa Yakakwana: CBU) uye kugogodza-pasi (Yakazara Knock-Pasi: CKD). Zvadaro, Bhodhi reKudyara (BOI) rakapa matanho akadai sekuregererwa kwemutero wemakambani uye kusabvisa mutero wemashini kukwezva vatengesi vekunze kuti vamise mabhesi ekugadzira muThailand.

Pamusoro pezvo, hurumende yeThai yakateyawo chikamu chezvikamu zvemotokari zvinogadzirwa munharaunda zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira mota (zvinodiwa zvemukati: LCR). Ichi chinodiwa chakadzimwa, asi chikamu chezvikamu zvinogadzirwa munharaunda muhuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvikamu zvemotokari zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemotokari dzinotakura vanhu dzeThai zvichiri kukwira kusvika 60-80%; mota dzine ushamwari nemhoteredzo nemarori anotakura anosvika 90%, uye midhudhudhu inoshandisa dzinenge zvikamu zvese zvinogadzirwa munharaunda. Parizvino, chibvumirano cheThailand chemahara chekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika dzakaita seASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA), Thailand-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (JTEPA), neThailand-Australia Free Trade Agreement (TAFTA) zvakonzera kudzikira kweCBU uye. CKD inotenga kunze kwenyika ine mitero yepamusoro.

Vatengi veThai nevekunze vanoenderera mberi nekudyara muindasitiri yezvikamu zvemotokari muThailand. Makambani emuno akakosha emuno nemabatirwo akabatanidzwa muThailand anosanganisira Thai Summit Auto Parts Co., Ltd., Sammitr Auto Parts Co., Ltd., Somboon Advance Technology Plc., Thai Auto Pressparts Co., Ltd., nezvimwewo. Vatengesi vane mukurumbira pasi rose iyo yakamisa mabhesi ekugadzira muThailand anosanganisira Bosch, Denso, Magna, Continental, ZF, uye Aisin Seiki. Pakati pezvigadzirwa zvakakosha ndezvi:

1) Rubber zvikamu boka:

Kuvimba nekupihwa kwemumba kwechisikigo rabha zvigadzirwa muThailand, senge hose, mabhandi, fiberglass marimu, matai emota uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinoda yakakwirira-yepamusoro yekugadzira tekinoroji;

2) Powertrain uye injini zvikamu:

Pakati pavo, ketani yekugovera yakaoma uye kukosha kunodarika 1/3 yemutengo wekugadzira mukati memoto injini (ICE) mota. Iri zvakare boka iro hurumende yeThai inosimudzira kugadzirwa mune yese yekugovera cheni, senge ma radiator, mapombi ekupedza, masisitimu ekupa mafuta, matangi emafuta, masisitimu ekudzima, magiya, nezvimwe;

3) Motokari dzemagetsi:

Hurumende yeThai inosimudzira kudyara kwemotokari yemagetsi mupasuru, saka vanogadzira mota zvishoma nezvishoma vanonyorera mari yekusimudzira kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi uye zvikamu muThailand. Mabhatiri, kunyanya, anoverengera kusvika ku30% yemutengo wemotokari dzemagetsi.

Zvigadzirwa uye chimiro chekutumira kunze

Indasitiri yekugadzira mota yeThailand inonyanya kutsamira pamusika wayo wepamba, nekutengesa accounting ye60-70%, yakakamurwa kuita gungano remotokari (yekutanga vagadziri vemidziyo OEM) uye yemotokari zvikamu kutsiva (kutsiva vagadziri vemidziyo REM).

OEM: 30-40% yehuwandu hwekubuda kukosha kwemusika weThailand zvikamu

Kuwedzera nekukura kwekugadzirwa kwemotokari, anopfuura makumi masere muzana ayo anogadzirwa muThailand, uye mamwe anoda zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi zvehunyanzvi kubva kukambani yevabereki kana vatengesi vekambani yevabereki vekumhiri kwemakungwa, senge zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi (microcontroller chips: MCU) yekudzora mota. masisitimu anounzwa kubva kuJapan, uye zvikamu zveinjini yekupisa uye zvikamu zvemotokari zvemagetsi zvinotengeswa kubva kuChina.

REM: 60-70% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hweThailand zvikamu zvemukati zvemusika

Musika weREM unokura munzira imwechete sehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemotokari dzakanyoreswa, zvichienderana nenguva yekushandiswa uye kudiwa kwekutsiva zvikamu (spare parts). REM ine nzira dzakasiyana dzekugovera, dzinosanganisira vatengesi / vatengesi vemotokari 'yekugadzirisa sevhisi nzvimbo, zvikamu zvemotokari zvakakura uye zvitoro zvezvitoro, uye zvitoro zvekugadzirisa zvakajairika. Panyaya yekukosha kwezvikamu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, REM inotora 10-20% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvikamu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, zvizhinji zvacho zvinotengeswa kubva kuJapan (zvichiverengera 43% yezvikamu zvese zveREM kunze kwenyika), pamwe neChina (17). %) uye United States (8%).

Zvikamu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinotora 30-40% yemari yakazara yeindasitiri yekugadzira zvikamu, izvo zvikamu zveOEM zvinotora 80-85% yezvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye zvikamu zveREM zvinoverengera 15-20%. Zvikamu zvikuru zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika neThailand injini, mawiring harnesses, miviri, magirazi, magiya magiya, matai uye zvikamu zverabha.

Thailand inoonekwa senyika inokwikwidza zvakanyanya mumunda wezvikamu zvemotokari pasi rese. Inoshandisa cheni dzekugovera kuwana hupfumi hwechiyero uye mhando yezvikamu zvinogadzirwa zvinozivikanwa nevagadziri vemotokari. Pamusoro pezvo, Thailand ine zvakare mukana wenzvimbo yekugadzirwa kwezvikamu, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha zvikamu zvekugadzira hwaro munyika. Muna 2021, kutengesa kunze kwenyika kweThailand kwezvikamu (marudzi ese) ndiko kwaive kwepamusoro muASEAN uye kwakaiswa pachigumi nemana pasirese. Zvikamu zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika zvaive matayi emotokari (yechipiri munyika), zvimwe zvikamu zvemudhudhudhu (zvisingasanganisire injini uye matai emotokari) (panzvimbo yechitatu), injini (panzvimbo yechi13) uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemotokari (zvisingasanganisire injini nematayi) (panzvimbo yechi15). Zvizhinji zvezvikamu zvemotokari zveThailand zvinotumirwa kune ASEAN zvigadziro zvekugadzira mota, zvinoti Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam nePhilippines, iyo pamwe chete inoita 22% yezvikamu zvese zvemotokari zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, zvichiteverwa neUnited States (22%) neJapan (9% )